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 The Niagara River drains Lake Erie into Lake Ontario, on its way it has a vertical drop of more than 165 feet (50 m) this is known as the Niagara Falls, here seen from Skylon Tower, left: Bridal Veil (USA) and on the right side Horseshoe Falls (partly in Canada). Image: Wladyslaw |
___ Canada Location map of Canada Long time part of colonial North America, Canada became a self-governing colony in the mid 19th century (1867) while retaining ties to the British crown. Canada is bordered by Alaska (USA) in west, and by 12 US states of the continental United States in south, the country shares maritime borders with Greenland (an autonomous territory of Denmark) and Saint Pierre and Miquelon, an island which belongs to France.  Hudson Bay, the large shallow inland sea indenting east-central Canada. The country occupies an area of 9,984,670 km2, making it the largest country in the Western Hemisphere. Compared it is slightly larger than the US, or 18 times the size of France. 36.3 million people (in 2017) live in the country, this is about 10% of the population of neighboring USA. Capital city is Ottawa, largest city is Toronto, spoken languages are English and French. |
Canada | Canadá | Kanada |
Country Profile |
Background: The vast land in Northern North America is rich of natural resources, home to 41 national parks and hundreds of provincial parks, Canada is a natural playground! The United Nations ranked Canada one of the best country in the world in which to live. Canada is globally recognized for its outstanding quality of life, stable, progressive political environment and one of the healthiest economies in the world. Economically and technologically the nation has developed in parallel with the US, its neighbor to the south across an unfortified border. related countries: France, United Kingdom |
Official Name: Canada ISO Country Code: ca, can Actual Time: Halifax, : Wed-Nov-11 06:53 Local Time = UTC -4h Montreal, Toronto, Ottawa, Iqaluit: Wed-Nov-11 05:53 Local Time = UTC -5h Winnipeg: Wed-Nov-11 04:53 Local Time = UTC -6h Calgary, Yellowknife: Wed-Nov-11 03:53 Local Time = UTC -7h Vancouver: Wed-Nov-11 02:53 Local Time = UTC -8h Map of Canada's time zone anomalies. Country Calling Code: +1 Capital City: Ottawa (pop. 1 million) Other Cities: Toronto (4.5 million), Montreal (3.4 million), Vancouver (2.0 million), Calgary (1 million), Quebec (500.000) Government: Type: Confederation with parliamentary democracy. Independence:1 July 1867 (from the UK). Constitution: The amended British North America Act of 1867 patriated to Canada on 17 April 1982, Charter of Rights and Freedoms, and unwritten custom. (Constitution Act of 1982) Geography: Location: Northern North America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean on the east, North Pacific Ocean on the west, and the Arctic Ocean on the north. Area: 9.9 million km² (3.8 million sq. mi.); second-largest country in the world. Terrain: as vast as the country is, it offers many different landscapes, mountains, prairies, deserts, artic tundra, glaciers, valleys, foothills, rivers and lakes. Climate: Varies from temperate in south to subarctic and arctic in north. People: Nationality: Noun and adjective--Canadian(s). Population: 36.3 million (2017) GNI per capita PPP: $ 34 444 (year) Ethnic groups: British descent (28%), French descent (23%), Italian descent (3%), aboriginal peoples (2%), plus significant minorities of German, Ukrainian, Dutch, Greek, Polish and Chinese. Religions: Religion: Catholic (45%), Protestant (36%) and minorities from most of the world's major religions. Languages: English 59.3% (official), French 23.2% (official), and 53 native languages. Literacy: 97-99% of population aged 15 and over. Natural resources: Iron ore, nickel, zinc, copper, gold, lead, molybdenum, potash, silver, fish, timber, wildlife, coal, petroleum, natural gas, hydropower. Agriculture products: Wheat, barley, oilseed, tobacco, fruits, vegetables; dairy products; forest products; fish. Industries: Transportation equipment, chemicals, processed and unprocessed minerals, food products; wood and paper products; fish products, petroleum and natural gas. Exports - commodities: motor vehicles and parts, industrial machinery, aircraft, telecommunications equipment; chemicals, plastics, fertilizers; wood pulp, timber, crude petroleum, natural gas, electricity, aluminum Exports partners: USA 76.7% (2015) Imports - commodities: machinery and equipment, motor vehicles and parts, crude oil, chemicals, electricity, durable consumer goods Imports partners: USA 53.1%, China 12.2%, Mexico 5.8% (2015) Currency: Canadian Dollar (CAD) Canada in numbers Canada key statistical figures. |
 View of the Centre Block and the Peace Tower, the main building of the Canadian parliament (right) and the Library of Parliament (left) on Parliament Hill in Ottawa, Ontario. Image: DXR Political System Canada's political system is a federal parliamentary representative democracy with a formal constitutional monarchy. Chief of State is the British monarch (Queen Elizabeth II) represented by the Governor General, who is appointed by the monarch. Theoretically, the executive power lies with the monarch, but in practice, the monarch and his representative are apolitical and predominantly perform ceremonial functions. Head of Government is the Canadian Prime Minister (Justin Trudeau). The Parliament of Canada consists of three parts, the sovereign, represented by the Governor-General of Canada, the Senate (Upper House), and the House of Commons. Official Sites of CanadaNote: External links will open in a new browser window.Government of Canada The Official Canada Government Site. Governor General Represents The Queen (Queen Elizabeth II) who is the Head of State. Government of Canada Departments and Agencies Index of Government of Canada Departments, Agencies, Crown Corporations, Special Operating Agencies and various affiliated organizations. Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade Homepage of the Department. Diplomatic Missions Permanent Mission of Canada to the United Nations Information about Canada's Permanent Mission to the UN. Canadian Embassy Embassy of Canada in Washington. Consulate General of Canada in New York Canadian Embassies and Missions worldwide Address List of Canadian Diplomatic Missions Abnroad. Foreign Diplomatic Missions in Canada Address List of Foreign Diplomatic Missions accredited to Canada. Canada's International Gateway Links to government services, information and resources, for citizens of other countries. Statistics Statistics Canada Canadian statistics and more. Weather Environment Canada Official Canadian Weather. Maps Map
of CanadaAdministrative Map of Canada with international borders, provincial boundaries, provincial capitals, major cities, and major airports.  Google
Earth Map CanadaSearchable map and satellite view of Canada. Google
Earth Map OttawaSearchable map and satellite view of Canada's capital city. Google
Earth Map Calgary Searchable map and satellite view of Calgary City. Google
Earth Map Montreal Searchable map and satellite view of Canada's second largest city. Google
Earth Map Quebec Searchable map and satellite view of Quebec City. Google
Earth Map Toronto Searchable map and satellite view of Canada's largest city. Google
Earth Map Vancouver Searchable map and satellite view of Canada's third largest city. Map of North AmericaReference Map of North America. More Maps: Map of Canada Interactive political map of Canada. Canada Relief map Interactive relief map of Canada. Canadian Geographic Enterprises Canada à la carte - various theme maps by the Canadian Geographic Magazine. The National Atlas of Canada Geography and Maps of Canada Natural Hazards of Canada Depicts the locations, types and magnitudes of significant natural disasters that have affected Canada. Topographic Maps of Canada Clickable maps to Canada's topography. Canadian Geographical Names Interactive and authoritative source of over 350 000 official and formerly official geographical names in Canada.  Canada's Senate chamber in the Centre Block on Parliament Hill, in center the three thrones, for the Canadian monarch, the consort of the monarch, and the Speaker of the Senate. Image: ? Saffron Blaze |
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News from Canada__Newspapers Cananada Newswire Canadian News Agency. Canadian Newspaper Association With "The Ultimate Guide to (Canadian) Newspapers". The Canadian Press Canada's national news and photo wire. Canoe Canada news, sports, entertainment. The Globe and Mail News, information, commentary and interactive discussion from Canada and around the world. Politics Watch - Canada's Political Portal Provides political background information. The Toronto Star National and International News. __TV/Radio Cable Public Affairs Channel - cpac Canada's Political Channel. CBC - Canadian Broadcasting Corporation Canada's national public broadcaster. CBC4Kids Science, news, music & more. CBC News Canada's Online News Resource. CBC Radio Listen to CBC Radio, Canada's National Broadcaster. CTV "CTV Inc. is Canada's pre-eminent broadcast communications company". CTV News Current news from Canada and the world. Radio Canada International Canadas Voice to the World. Radio Canada Nouvelles Canada News (in French) Online News canada.com Canadian related portal with news. Canada.com is owned and operated by Postmedia Network Inc., Canada’s largest publisher by circulation of paid English-language daily newspapers. |
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 Haie, an immersive installation by Sébastien Bilodeau from Architecturama, invites passers-by to walk through a labyrinth of six luminous panels. Image: Jean Gagnon Arts & Culture__Contemporary and Fine Arts Art Gallery of Ontario The eighth largest art museum in North America presents 1000 years of extraordinary art. Canada Council for the Arts - Le conseil des arts du Canada An agency which fosters the development of the arts in Canada through grants, services and awards. (Canadian artists only) McMichael Canadian Art Collection Paintings, sculptures, drawings and prints by First Nations, Inuit and contemporary Canadian artists. Montreal Museum of Fine Arts Fine Arts collections. Musée d'art contemporain de Montréal Contemporary Québec art and international contemporary art. National Gallery of Canada Musée des Beaux-Arts du Canada. Vancouver Art Gallery Contemporary art. __Culture CBC Arts A guide to cultural events by CBC. broken pencil The guide to alternative culture in Canada. Images Canada Picturing Canadian Culture. Radio-Canada.ca - Zone Culture A spot on cultural events (in French) Well Known People Who Happen to be Canadian Canadian Celebs. __Literature Canlit - Canadian Literature Archive Information about Canadian writers, novelists, poets, playwrights, essayists, Canadian literary organizations, magazines, publications, texts and library archives. National Archives of Canada Canada's archival heritage. The National Library of Canada National Library of Canada Home Page. __Museums Canada Aviation Museum Airplanes from the Pioneer Era until Post-1960. Canadian Museum of Civilization Virtual Museum of Canada's Civilization. Canadian Museum of Nature More than a natural history museum. Museum of Anthropology MOA Objects and expressions of human creativity. Museum of Civilization in Quebec City Site of the Human Adventure. Royal British Columbia Museum The human and natural history of British Columbia. Royal Ontario Museum The ROM will inspire wonder and build understanding of human cultures and the natural world. Royal Tyrrell Museum Canadian dinosaurs. Textile Museum of Canada The permanent collection contains more than 10 000 textiles and spans almost 2 000 years and 190 world regions. Virtual Museum of New France History of the French exploration of North America. Virtual Museum of Canada A Guide to Canadian Museums and Galleries and other cultural institutions. |
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Business & EconomyCanada is among the world's wealthiest nations, and is a member of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the Group of Seven (G7). The backbone of Canada's economy is the service industry, which employs about three quarters of the country's workforce. Other major economic bases are the logging and oil industries, and the manufacturing sector with its automobile and aircraft industries. __Banks and Stock Exchanges Bank of Canada Canada's central bank. Business Development Bank of Canada (BDC) A federal Crown corporation wholly owned by the Government of Canada. Royal Bank of Canada Canadian multinational financial services company, the largest bank in Canada. Bourse de Montréal The Montréal Stock Exchange (MX), owned by Toronto- based TMX Group. TSX Group The Toronto Stock Exchange is in the Top10 of the world's largest stock exchanges. __Business Canada Business Network Government Services for Canadian Businesses. Canadian Chamber of Commerce 'The Voice of Canadian Business'. Canadian Economy Online Information on the Canadian economy, includes links to key Canadian economic indicators for the last ten years. Strategis - Canada's Business Information Site A guide to Canadian Business and Industries, Company Directories, Consumer Information. __Transportation _Airlines Air Canada Air Labrador First Air West Jet Air _Bus Coach Canada _Railroad British Columbia Rail GO Transit The Rocky Mountaineer Ontario Northland VIA Rail Canada |
 Parliament building on Parliament Hill, Ottawa Photo courtesy City of Ottawa |
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 Castle Mountain within Banff National Park in the Canadian Rockies. Image: ThartmannWiki Travel and Tour Consumer Information
Destination Canada - Travel GuidesDiscover Canada: Canadian Rockies, Jasper National Park, Rocky Mountains, Columbia Icefield, Banff National Park, Moraine Lake, Niagara Falls, Niagara Parks Butterfly Conservatory, Lake Ontario, Toronto Islands, Nahanni National Park Reserve, hotels, accommodation, attractions, festivals, events, tourist boards, nature, biking, skiing, climbing, tours and much more. About Canada Canadian attractions, events and experiences. Extensive information on Canada for travelers, tourists and all who are interested in Canada. Travel Canada A comprehensive travel and tourism guide to Canada by the Canadian Tourism Commission. Destination Canada The official Business Site of the Canadian Tourism Commission. Waterton Glacier International Peace Park UNESCO World Heritage Site. In 1932 Waterton Lakes National Park (Alberta, Canada) was combined with the Glacier National Park (Montana, United States) to form the world's first International Peace Park. The Virtual Reference Library - VRL Explore Ontario, present, past and future, through historic photographs, maps, digitized books, videos, and blog posts. City Guides Ottawa The Official Website of Canadas Capital. Ottawa SmartCapital gateway Online services for all sectors of the City of Ottawa. Toronto Toronto's official website. Montreal The city of Montreal. Vancouver Official Vancouver website. The
Canadian Provinces and Territoriesmore links and travel information on Canada and its Provinces and Territories: the ten provinces and three territories: Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Northwest Territories, Nova Scotia, Nunavut, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan, and Yukon. __ Canada Reference Canadian Social Research Links A collection of Canadian and US related Social Research Links. UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Canada  L’anse aux Meadows National Historic SiteArchaeological site on the northernmost tip of the island of Newfoundland. The remains of an 11th-century Viking settlement are evidence of the first European presence in North America. Head-Smashed-In Buffalo JumpOne of the world's oldest, largest, and best preserved buffalo jumps, a buffalo jump is a cliff formation which Native Americans historically used in order to hunt and kill plains bison. Historic District of Old QuébecThe only city in North American that has preserved its ramparts, together with its numerous bastions, gates and defensive works which still surround Old Québec. |
 Montréal skyline from the Old Port Photo: © Tourisme Montréal, Stéphan Poulin |
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Education, Science & ResearchAssociation of Universities and Colleges of CanadaUp-to-date information on Canadian higher education. Canadian Communities Atlas Project An Internet based network of Community Atlases that will be accessible to schools and the world. Canadian Virtual University - Université Virtuelle Canadienne A partnership of universities across Canada, committed to delivering university-level programs that can be completed from anywhere in the country or beyond. Canadian Federation for the Humanities and Social Sciences HSSFC promotes teaching, research, and scholarship in the humanities and social sciences. Study in Canada Informational site on educational studies in Canada. Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada Social sciences and humanities. Science Canada Centre for Remote Sensing (CCRS) Canada from space - plus a remote sensing tutorial. Canadian Space Agency Be prepared for the future. The Royal Canadian Geographical Society Société géographique royale du Canada. National Museum of Science and Technology National Research Council Canada's premier science and technology research organization. The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada The national instrument for making strategic investments in Canada's capability in science and technology. Ontario Science Centre |
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Environment & NatureEnvironment Canada's Green LaneEnvironment Canada's Internet resource for weather and environmental information. The Green Lane TM helps connect Canadians, exchange information and share knowledge for environmental decision-making. Canadian Biodiversity Canadian Biodiversity Information Network Official information site of Biodiversity in Canada. The Canadian Biodiversity Web Site Site about biodiversity and especially Canada's biodiversity. Canadian landscapes and landforms Parks Canada A guide to Canadian National Historic Sites and National Parks. Canadian Landscapes A great collection of photos of Canadian landscapes and landforms. Nature Conservation Nature Canada Site of Nature Canada, one of Canada's leading conservation groups. Oceans Canadian Waters Web site about Canada’s oceans and fish habitat by Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Wildlife Canadian Wildlife Federation The Hinterland Who's Who - Canadian Wildlife Service Created in the early 1960s to interest the public in wildlife conservation, now online. Others Canadian Museum of Nature More than a natural history museum. Natural Resources Canada Government information about Energy Sources and Distribution, Mining, Forestry in Canada, and Climate Change. |
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HistoryLibrary and Archives Canada Online access to resources, services and the collection of the Library and Archives Canada. Canadian History List of online resources about Canada's history by the Canadian Government. The History of Canada Online HCO is a browsable, searchable history textbook published by Northern Blue Publishing, with supporting resources, including image galleries and text libraries, timelines, quotations, learning activities and other features. Canadian Heritage Gallery A collection of historical Canadian pictures and photographs. Canada - A Country by Consent A Canadian history project. The Canadian Encyclopedia Canada's national encyclopedia. Canadian Heritage Information Network Gateway to museums, galleries, and heritage information. CBC Archives The site provides a timeline and radio and television clips from the archives of the CBC about Canada's newer history. The history of Canada Wikipedia articles about Canada's history, covering the period from the arrival of Paleo-Indians thousands of years ago to the present day. |
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First NationsAssembly of First Nations - Assemblée des Premières Nations Canadian The national representative organization of the First Nations in Canada. Aboriginal Heritage Government information about Canada's First Nations and aboriginal heritage. Ojibwe Cultural Foundation Foundation to preserve and revitalize the language, culture, arts, spirituality, and traditions of the Anishinaabe people. American
Indians onlineOWNO page about the First Nations of North America. |
 Ojibwe Cultural Foundation Image: Plismo |
Other Countries of North America: Mexico | USA |
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